Cryoablation in breast cancer is an exciting advancement in oncology that’s currently under extensive clinical research, and with good reason. This minimally invasive, highly targeted procedure is reshaping how we treat certain types of breast tumours. The term “cryoablation” comes from two root words: “cryo,” meaning freeze, and “ablation,” meaning destruction. In essence, it refers to destroying cancer cells by freezing them.
Although it’s still undergoing study, cryotherapy has developed as a viable alternative for women who may not be candidates for traditional surgery or wish to preserve more of their natural breast tissue. It offers the promise of a less traumatic physical and emotional journey through cancer treatment, and for many, it may be a lifeline.
South Africa is not being left behind in this growing global trend. Nolan Daniels, Regional Director of Netcare’s Southwest region, shared in a recent article that cryoablation in South Africa will benefit many as local medical institutions adopt and refine this innovation. At the forefront of this revolution are trusted specialists and superior imaging services such as those provided by Mammography Inc. (Mami). These experts ensure patient safety as they embrace the future of oncology.
In this comprehensive guide, we explore what cryoablation in breast cancer is, why it’s gaining such attention, what the procedure involves, and what patients can expect in terms of aftercare.
What Is Cryoablation?
Cryoablation, also referred to as cryosurgery or cryotherapy, is a non-surgical method of treating cancerous or benign tumours by freezing them. It comprises the use of a thin, hollow needle (called a cryoprobe) that’s inserted directly into the tumour under imaging guidance. Once in position, a freezing substance, generally liquid nitrogen or argon, is released to cool the tissue rapidly. This creates an “ice ball” that encompasses and destroys the tumour cells.
Cryosurgery is used to treat small, localised tumours (generally under 1.5 cm in size) in breast cancer instances. It is being investigated for both early-stage breast cancer and for palliative care in metastatic cases. The procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis with local anaesthesia, offering substantially decreased recovery times and minimal scarring.
Why Is Cryosurgery So Promising for Breast Cancer?
The shift toward breast-conserving therapies and less invasive options is a growing priority in oncology. Cryotherapy fits this movement flawlessly.
Key Benefits of Cryosurgery
- It is minimally invasive, with no large incisions or general anaesthesia required.
- It preserves breast tissue, and its aesthetic outcomes are superior to traditional surgery.
- Recovery time is short. Patients can resume normal activities relatively quickly.
- It uses real-time imaging guidance, certifying precision and limited complications.
- Pain and scarring are reduced; minimal tissue trauma means better quality of life post-treatment.
- It can be repeated safely if necessary.
Clinical Effectiveness
While long-term data is still being collected, early cryoablation success results are deeply encouraging. According to the FROST and ICE3 trials, two major U.S.-based studies investigating cryotherapy for early-stage breast cancer, the recurrence rates have remained exceptionally low among eligible patients. For example, the ICE3 trial reported a local recurrence rate of under 2% at three years of follow-up.
How Cryoablation Therapy Works: Step-by-Step
Cryotherapy begins with patient selection. The ideal candidates have small, well-defined tumours and prefer less invasive alternatives to lumpectomy or mastectomy. Next is an imaging assessment where an ultrasound, MRI, or mammography is used to guide the procedure. Local anaesthesia is the following step and is administered to the treatment area to numb the site. The specialist then inserts a cryoprobe into the tumour under image guidance, leading to the freeze cycle. An ice ball forms as the probe freezes the tumour. This process destroys cancer cells through cellular rupture and oxygen deprivation.
A thaw cycle, where the tissue is defrosted and may be re-frozen, comes next – depending on tumour size and location. The concluding stage, in which the final scans confirm the effectiveness of the ablation, is post-procedure imaging.
Post-Care and Follow-Up
A major advantage of cryoablation therapy is the minimal post-procedural care required. However, careful post-cryosurgery follow-up is necessary. After the procedure, patients are monitored and undergo regular imaging to confirm full tumour resolution. Since there are no stitches or large wounds, there’s no need for surgical wound care, making infection risk extremely low. Patients may experience mild side effects, including swelling, bruising, or slight discomfort that usually resolves within days. Follow-up continues with long-term surveillance as imaging appointments are scheduled over months to ascertain that there’s no recurrence.
Mammography Inc. takes pride in its dedicated follow-up care, offering not only radiological expertise but a full patient support experience.
Cryoablation vs. Traditional Surgery
| Feature | Cryoablation | Lumpectomy/Mastectomy |
| Invasiveness | Minimally invasive | Surgical |
| Anaesthesia | Local | General |
| Recovery Time | Days | Weeks |
| Scarring | Minimal | Moderate to significant |
| Hospital Stay | Outpatient | Possible overnight stay |
| Cost | Lower in many cases | Higher (surgery, theatre) |
How Cryoablation Enhances Patient Dignity and Comfort
Outside of the clinical statistics, one of the most meaningful aspects of cryosurgery is the preservation of bodily integrity. Avoiding mastectomy can be emotionally empowering for many breast cancer patients, specifically younger women.
Cryosurgery helps maintain the shape, texture, and appearance of the breast, an unmissable factor in post-treatment quality of life. It’s a true blend of science and sensitivity.
South Africa’s Role in Cryotherapy Innovation
South Africa is actively engaging in global medical movements and clinical advancements. According to local leaders like Netcare, the country is ready to deliver world-class cryosurgery. Mami is among the few imaging centres mobilising the integration of cryoablation equipment technologies to provide accessibility and excellence in care.
Cryotherapy’s inclusion in breast cancer treatment options represents a welcome innovation for South African women, particularly those in regions where surgical oncology resources may be limited. Cryosurgery offers a safe and proven alternative, with the right imaging and expertise available.
Fascinating Stats About Cryoablation in Breast Cancer
- 95% of patients in the ICE3 trial were satisfied with their cosmetic outcome post-cryoablation.
- Cryosurgery destroys tumours by reaching temperatures of -40°C to -80°C.
- In pilot studies, cryotherapy showed a 100% complete ablation rate for tumours <1.0 cm.
- The procedure lasts only 20 to 40 minutes, compared to hours for traditional surgery.
- Over 75% of early-stage breast cancer patients in the FROST trial cryoablation opted for cryotherapy over surgery when given the option.
Conclusion: A Future-Focused Approach to Breast Cancer Care
Cryoablation is a new ice therapy that’s shifting the treatment of breast cancer with compassion and precision. It offers hope to eligible patients: trust for healing without extensive surgery, dignity without disfigurement, and innovation without compromise.
At Mammography Inc., we believe in educating and empowering patients. Our team is here to guide you, whether you’re newly diagnosed, exploring second opinions, or simply looking to understand the latest technologies. Get in touch with us today to explore superior breast care options.
